{"id":5186,"date":"2020-02-16T22:21:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-16T21:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/euracoal.eu\/?page_id=5186"},"modified":"2020-02-16T22:21:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-16T21:21:48","slug":"romania","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/?page_id=5186","title":{"rendered":"Romania"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"romania_round_icon_640\"Romania enjoyed solid economic growth of 4.1% in 2018 and a low unemployment rate of 4.2%, thanks mainly to its manufacturing sector.\u00a0 The country has significant energy resources, including coal, fossil gas and oil.\u00a0 Over three quarters of the country\u2019s total primary energy supply is met from indigenous resources, well above the EU average of 45%.\u00a0 Coal and lignite account for 16.2% of energy supply, this being slightly above the EU average.<\/p>\n

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\"ro\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

General data<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

2018<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Population<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

million<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

GDP<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u20ac billion<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

202.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Per capita GDP<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u20ac\/person<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10 400<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hard coal resources are estimated at 2 446 million tonnes of which 11 million tonnes might be economically recoverable.\u00a0 Proven reserves of lignite total 280 million tonnes, within 9 640 million tonnes of resources.\u00a0 Of these, 95% lie in the Oltenia mining basin where more than 80% can be surface mined.\u00a0 The remaining lignite deposits have low economic potential and so extraction in most other areas has stopped.\u00a0 The country has a long coal mining tradition, stretching back over 150 years.\u00a0 Romania\u2019s entire hard coal and lignite output is used for heat and power generation.<\/p>\n

The total net capacity of installed generation was 19 766 MW in 2018:\u00a0 coal 4 373 MW (22.1%), fossil gas \/ fuel oil 3 404 MW (17.2%), hydro 6 329 MW (32.0%), nuclear 1 300 MW (6.6%) and renewables 4 360 MW (22.1%), mostly wind turbines and solar PV.\u00a0 Peak demand in 2018 was 8 920 MW on 27 February, indicating a generation overcapacity and thus the opportunity for electricity exports.<\/p>\n

In 2017, gross electricity production in Romania was 64.3 TWh:\u00a0 26.2% from coal, 23.1% from hydro, 17.9% from nuclear, 16.6% from fossil gas and 15.2% renewables.\u00a0 Net electricity exports were 2.9 TWh in 2017 and 2.5 TWh in 2018.\u00a0 Exports have collapsed in 2019 and imports rose, making Romania a net importer;\u00a0 the additional cost of allowances under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) has made non-EU power generation more competitive.<\/p>\n

Romania\u2019s first commercial nuclear reactor began operating in 1996 and a second CANDU reactor was commissioned in May 2007, thus completing two of the five reactors whose construction began in the 1980s and bringing the total gross capacity at the Cernavod\u0103 nuclear power plant to 1 413 MW.\u00a0 The completion of two further 720 MW reactors is planned by SOCIETATEA NATIONALA NUCLEARELECTRICA (SNN).\u00a0 It is a government priority to progress these reactors.<\/p>\n

Romania has established an energy policy framework which is in line with EU law, regulating the production of gas, coal, lignite, oil and nuclear energy, as well as power plant modernisation.\u00a0 Indeed, by 2030, Romania plans to replace those older power plants reaching the end of their lives with new, high-efficiency, low-emission power plants.<\/p>\n

The Romanian government published its Energy Strategy 2019-2030<\/i> in November 2018, including a perspective to 2050.\u00a0 A priority of the strategy is to maintain the current level of diversity of indigenous energy sources.\u00a0 To that end, the government will stimulate investment in oil, fossil gas and lignite exploitation. \u00a0Romania is also considering the development of a national gas transmission system along the Bulgaria-Romania-Hungary-Austria (BRUA) corridor and the development, on Romanian territory, of the Southern Transmission Corridor for Black Sea gas.<\/p>\n

Lignite<\/b><\/p>\n

COMPLEXUL ENERGETIC OLTENIA (CEO) or Oltenia Energy Complex is Romania\u2019s largest producer of coal-based energy with an installed gross capacity of 3 240 MW.\u00a0 The company is responsible for 99% of national lignite production.\u00a0 Its mines and power plants provide direct jobs for 13 000 people.<\/p>\n

Lignite mining offers Romania a competitive advantage with the use of modern technologies and skilled labour to provide low-cost, base-load electricity.\u00a0 Reserves of lignite are concentrated in a relatively small area of 250 square kilometres where lignite is mined in twelve opencast pits licensed for another fifty years.\u00a0 These reserves provide a long-term, secure supply for the adjacent Turceni (1 320 MW) and Rovinari (990 MW) power plants.\u00a0 Further to the south lie the 300 MW Craiova and 630 MW I\u0219alni\u021ba power plants, also lignite-fired.<\/p>\n

Since January 2017, the price of CO2<\/sub> emission allowances under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) has imposed an unbearable financial burden on CEO.\u00a0 In 2018, the company reported a loss of around \u20ac230 million, mainly due to its obligation to acquire CO2<\/sub> allowances.\u00a0 These now account for half of its total operating costs, so more than fuel and labour costs combined.\u00a0 The company has been forced to take out loans for the purchase of allowances.\u00a0 This is clearly an unsustainable economic situation for a country which depends on electricity from lignite-fired power plants.<\/p>\n

Negotiations between CEO and CHINA HUADIAN ENGINEERING COMPANY to develop a new 600 MW lignite-fired unit that will replace some existing older units are currently ongoing.<\/p>\n

Hard coal<\/b><\/p>\n

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Mine shaft monitoring equipment, Poland \u00a9 G\u0142\u00f3wny Instytut G\u00f3rnictwa (GIG \u2013 Central Mining Institute)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The COMPLEXUL ENERGETIC HUNEDOARA (CEH) or Hunedoara Energy Complex is a state-owned electricity and heat producer headquartered at Petro\u015fani in the Southern Carpathians.\u00a0 It owns and operates four underground hard coal mines in the Jiu Valley (Lonea, Livezeni, Vulcan and Lupeni) and two coal-fired power plants, as well as the Prestserv mines rescue station.\u00a0 The company accounts for less than 2% of Romanian electricity generation, with a gross capacity of 1 225 MW and 3 022 employees in 2018.<\/p>\n

The main consumers of hard coal are CEH\u2019s two thermal power plants at Paro\u015feni (150 MW) and Mintia-Deva (1 075 MW).\u00a0 Indigenous hard coal production has the advantage of ensuring a long-term supply for these power plants.\u00a0 However, hard coal mining in Romania faces complex geological conditions, making profitable mining difficult.\u00a0 Petrila mine closed in 2015, followed in 2017 by Paro\u015feni and Uricani mines.<\/p>\n

In April 2018, the Romanian government adopted an emergency ordinance requiring CEH to provide 400 MW of system services over the two-year period to 2020 under a Service of General Economic Interest (SGEI) exemption.<\/p>\n

In November 2018, the European Commission found that CEH had received around \u20ac60 million of incompatible state aid through four repayable public loans.\u00a0 These had funded the temporary rescue aid approved in April 2015 by the European Commission (C(2015) 2652) with a view to securing the company\u2019s long-term economic viability according to Council Decision 787\/2010\/EU.<\/p>\n

At the end of October 2019 and in the absence of any viable restructuring plan, CEH again filed for insolvency, having reported losses of \u20ac56 million for the first half year and total debts of over \u20ac0.5 billion.<\/p>\n

Romania<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Coal resources and reserves<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

as at 1.1.2018<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total resources hard coal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2 446<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total resources lignite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9 920<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Reserves hard coal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Reserves lignite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

280<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Primary energy production<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

2018<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total primary energy production*<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal (saleable output)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt \/ Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.7 \/ 0.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite (saleable output)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt \/ Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23.5 \/ 5.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Saleable coal quality<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal net calorific value<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

kJ\/kg<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 200\u201115 900<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite net calorific value<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

kJ\/kg<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7 200\u20118 200<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal ash content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37\u201144<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite ash content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30\u201136<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal moisture content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.0\u20117.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite moisture content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40\u201143<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal sulphur content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.5\u20111.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite sulphur content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0\u20111.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Coal imports \/ exports<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

2018<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Coal imports<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Coal exports<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Primary energy consumption<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

2017<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total primary energy consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Power supply<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

2017<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total gross power generation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

64.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Net power imports (exports)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(2.9)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total power supply<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

56.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Power generation from hard coal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Power generation from lignite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal power generation capacity<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

MW gross<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 225<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite power generation capacity<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

MW gross<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3 240<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Employment<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

2018<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Direct in hard coal mining<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

thousand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.022<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Direct in lignite mining and generation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

thousand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13.000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

* 2017 data<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Romania enjoyed solid economic growth of 4.1% in 2018 and a low unemployment rate of 4.2%, thanks mainly to its manufacturing sector.\u00a0 The country has significant energy resources, including coal, fossil gas and oil.\u00a0 Over three quarters of the country\u2019s total primary energy supply is met from indigenous resources, well above the EU average of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":260,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5186","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5186\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}