{"id":820,"date":"2014-11-01T19:36:32","date_gmt":"2014-11-01T18:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/euracoal.co\/?page_id=820"},"modified":"2014-11-01T19:36:32","modified_gmt":"2014-11-01T18:36:32","slug":"romania","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/?page_id=820","title":{"rendered":"Romania"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"romania_round_icon_640\"Romania enjoys solid economic growth (3.7% in 2015) and a low unemployment rate (6.6%), thanks mainly to its manufacturing sector.\u00a0 The country has significant energy resources, including coal, natural gas and oil.\u00a0 In fact, over 80% of the country\u2019s primary energy supply is met by indigenous energy resources, with coal and lignite accounting for a 17.8% share, this being slightly above the EU average.<\/p>\n

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\"ro\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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General data<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Population<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

million<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

GDP<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u20ac\u00a0billion<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

160.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Total hard coal resources are estimated to be 2\u00a0446\u00a0million tonnes of which 252.5\u00a0million tonnes are commercially exploitable within the currently leased areas, although as little as 11\u00a0million tonnes might be economically recoverable. \u00a0Proven reserves of lignite total 280\u00a0million tonnes, with a further 9\u00a0640\u00a0million tonnes of resources. \u00a0Of these deposits, 95% are situated in the Oltenia mining basin where more than 80% can be surface mined. \u00a0The remaining lignite deposits have low economic potential, explaining why extraction in most other areas has stopped.<\/p>\n

The country has a long coal mining tradition, stretching back over 150\u00a0years.\u00a0 Romania\u2019s entire hard coal and lignite output is used for heat and power generation. \u00a0At the end of 2015, the total licensed net capacity of installed generation was 20\u00a0419\u00a0MW: \u00a0coal 4\u00a0925\u00a0MW (24.1% \u2013 1\u00a0148\u00a0MW hard coal and 3\u00a0777\u00a0MW lignite), natural gas \/ fuel oil 3\u00a0571\u00a0MW (17.5%), hydro 6\u00a0339\u00a0MW (31.0%), nuclear 1\u00a0300\u00a0MW (6.4%) and renewables 4\u00a0284\u00a0MW (21.0%), mostly wind turbines.\u00a0 Peak demand is between 8\u00a0000\u00a0MW and 8\u00a0500\u00a0MW, indicating an overcapacity in generation and offering the opportunity for significant exports of electricity.<\/p>\n

In 2015, gross electricity production in Romania was 65.6\u00a0TWh: \u00a027.4% from hydro, 26.9% from coal, 17.8% from nuclear, 14.2% from renewables and 13.7% from natural gas.<\/p>\n

Romania\u2019s first commercial nuclear reactor began operating in 1996 and a second CANDU reactor was commissioned in May 2007, thus completing two of the five reactors whose construction began in the 1980s and bringing the total gross capacity at the Cernavod\u0103 nuclear power plant to 1\u00a0413\u00a0MW.\u00a0 The completion of two further 720\u00a0MW reactors is planned by SOCIETATEA NATIONALA NUCLEARELECTRICA (SNN) in collaboration with CHINA NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING COMPANY (CNPEC) and Chinese investors who will take a majority ownership share.<\/p>\n

Romania has established an energy policy framework which is in line with EU law, regulating the production of gas, coal, lignite, oil and nuclear energy, as well as power plant modernisation.\u00a0 The National Regulatory Authority for Energy (ANRE) is the responsible independent authority, reporting to the prime minister.<\/p>\n

Hard coal<\/b><\/p>\n

Back in January 2011, the National Hard Coal Company had seven underground coal mines (Lonea, Petrila, Livezeni, Vulcan, Paro\u015feni, Lupeni and Uricani).\u00a0 In September 2012, these mines were merged with hard coal-fired power plants to create the COMPLEXUL ENERGETIC HUNEDOARA (Hunedoara Energy Complex), a state-owned electricity and heat producer headquartered at Petro\u015fani in the Southern Carpathians.\u00a0 The company accounts for approximately 3% of Romanian electricity generation, with a capacity of 1\u00a0225\u00a0MW and about 6\u00a0300 employees.<\/p>\n

The main consumers of hard coal are the thermal power plants at Paro\u015feni (150\u00a0MW) and Mintia (1\u00a0075\u00a0MW).\u00a0 Indigenous hard coal production has the advantage of ensuring a long-term supply for these power plants.\u00a0 However, hard coal mining in Romania faces complex geological conditions, making profitable mining difficult.<\/p>\n

The results of an economic analysis determined that the Petrila, Paro\u015feni and Uricani mines in the Jiu Valley did not have viable prospects and so they were included in a closure plan with Petrila to close in 2015, followed in 2017 by Paro\u015feni and Uricani.\u00a0 State aid, granted under case SA.33033 that was agreed by the European Commission in February 2012, is intended to facilitate these closures.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the Hunedoara Energy Complex entered into insolvency in June 2016. \u00a0Restructuring continues according to Council Decision 787\/2010\/EU with aid approved by European Commission decision C(2015)\u00a02652.<\/p>\n

Of the four mines scheduled to continue after 2018, only two will now continue production (Livezeni and Vulcan). \u00a0Also, only 385\u00a0MW of the 1\u00a0225 MW currently installed capacity will remain: \u00a0a 150\u00a0MW unit at Paro\u015feni TPP, modernised in 2005, and the 235\u00a0MW unit\u00a03 at Mintia TPP, modernised in 2009. \u00a0Nonetheless, this means that hard coal mining and hard coal-fired power generation capacity in Romania will continue after 2018, possibly under a Service of General Economic Interest (SGEI) exemption.\u00a0 Given this situation, it is encouraging that a potential investor has expressed its interest in developing and further modernising the Hunedoara Energy Complex.<\/p>\n

Lignite<\/b><\/p>\n

COMPLEXUL ENERGETIC OLTENIA (Oltenia Energy Complex) is Romania\u2019s largest producer of coal-based energy with an installed capacity of 4\u00a0337\u00a0MW.\u00a0 The company is responsible for 99% of national lignite production.\u00a0 Its mines and power plants provide direct jobs for 15\u00a0500 people.<\/p>\n

In order to avoid impacts on neighbouring agricultural land, overburden is placed back in the excavated voids, which also helps reduce costs.<\/p>\n

Lignite mining offers Romania a competitive advantage with the use of modern technologies and skilled labour to provide low-cost, base-load electricity.\u00a0 Reserves of lignite are concentrated in a relatively small area of 250\u00a0square kilometres where lignite is mined in twelve opencast pits licensed for another fifty years.\u00a0 These reserves provide a long-term, secure supply for the adjacent Turceni (1\u00a0650\u00a0MW) and Rovinari (1\u00a0320\u00a0MW) power plants.\u00a0 Further to the south lie the 300\u00a0MW Craiova and 630\u00a0MW I\u0219alni\u021ba power plants, also lignite-fired.<\/p>\n

Oltenia Energy Complex and CHINA HUADIAN ENGINEERING COMPANY are currently negotiating to develop a new 600\u00a0MW lignite-fired unit that will replace some existing older units.\u00a0 A new company, HUADIAN OLTENIA ENERGY SA, will be registered with headquarters in Rovinari and employ 250\u00a0people.\u00a0 During the construction, over 4\u00a0000 jobs will be created and, with an annual lignite requirement of 4.6\u00a0million tonnes, the project is expected to secure 3\u00a0000 jobs.<\/p>\n

Romania<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Coal resources and reserves<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total resources hard coal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2\u00a0446<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total resources lignite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9\u00a0920<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Reserves hard coal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Reserves lignite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

280<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Primary energy production<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total primary energy production<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal (saleable output)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt \/ Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.3 \/ 0.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite (saleable output)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt \/ Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24.0 \/ 6.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Saleable coal quality<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal net calorific value<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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kJ\/kg<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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14\u00a0200\u201115\u00a0900<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite net calorific value<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

kJ\/kg<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7\u00a0200\u20118\u00a0200<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal ash content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37\u201144<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite ash content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30\u201136<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal moisture content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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5.0\u20117.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Lignite moisture content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40\u201143<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal sulphur content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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0.5\u20111.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite sulphur content<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

% a.r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.0\u20111.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Coal imports \/ exports<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Coal imports<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Coal exports<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Primary energy consumption<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total primary energy consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mtce<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Power supply<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total gross power generation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Net power imports (exports)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(6.7)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Total power consumption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

58.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Power generation from hard coal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Power generation from lignite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

TWh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hard coal power generation capacity<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

MW net<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1\u00a0148<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lignite power generation capacity<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

MW net<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3\u00a0777<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Employment<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2015<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Direct in hard coal mining<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

thousand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.442<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Direct in lignite mining<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

thousand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10.600<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Romania enjoys solid economic growth (3.7% in 2015) and a low unemployment rate (6.6%), thanks mainly to its manufacturing sector.\u00a0 The country has significant energy resources, including coal, natural gas and oil.\u00a0 In fact, over 80% of the country\u2019s primary energy supply is met by indigenous energy resources, with coal and lignite accounting for a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":776,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-820","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/820\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pipe.euracoal.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}